A machine for producing multi-segment rods and a method for cleaning a machine for producing multi-segment rods

ABSTRACT

A machine for producing multi-segment rods for use in tobacco industry, the machine comprising: at least one feeding module for placing segments in a train, one after the other, on a collecting transporter for transporting the segments along a predefined transporting path in a direction towards a garniture transporter; a transferring module for transferring the segments from the collecting transporter onto the garniture transporter; the garniture transporter for transporting segments on a wrapper; a garniture device for wrapping the wrapper around the train of the segments to form a continuous rod; a cutting head for cutting the continuous rod into multi-segment rods; and a shifting mechanism for dislocating the collecting transporter with respect to the predefined transporting path to a cleaning position, wherein the segments while being transported on the collecting transporter are not in contact with any of the feeding modules.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a machine for producing multi-segment rods, used in tobacco industry, comprising a system for automatic removal of segments from a collecting belt, and to a method for cleaning a collecting belt of a machine for producing multi-segment rods.

BACKGROUND

Tobacco industry products, such as cigarettes, may comprise segment filters (for example in a form of segments) with various filtering materials. The segments may have a form of rod-like elements having filtering properties or rod-like elements having non-filtering properties, for example comprising aromatic capsules or paper tubes. The segments are fed from containers, by transferring devices, onto a collecting transporter, and subsequently are transferred by a transferring module onto a garniture transporter, on which the segments are wrapped into a wrapper. When producing of such multi-segment rods, it is often needed to stop the operation of the machine for producing the multi-segment rods, or the machine may stop its operation automatically due to an error caused by a segment which is blocked on the transferring device, like a drum, a disc, a belt or a transferring chain. After each interruption of operation of the machine, the transferring devices need to be cleaned of the remaining segments therein, and also the segments located below the transferring devices (on the collecting transporter) need to be removed.

A British patent application GB1253617 presents a device for removing rod-like elements, in particular tobacco rods, which remained on a feeding path between a cutting head and a collecting drum after the machine was stopped. Before each subsequent restarting of the machine, the tobacco rods are removed from the path by converting their movement into transverse direction with respect to their longitudinal axis, by downwardly deflecting one side of a bar on which they are transported. It relates to tobacco rods, which are cut from a continuous rod into rods having a specified length. However, it does not solve the problem of removing segments from a collecting transporter, which is located at the opposite side of the cutting head, and removing the segments from transferring devices.

A European patent application EP1883318 presents a method for operating a machine for manufacturing tobacco articles. The method presents a method for cleaning the machine or a unit comprised in the machine, when an error has been detected by a control system. After detecting the error, a sensor sends an information to the control unit, which activates a process of cleaning the machine or the unit on which the error occurred. A disadvantage of this solution is that it does not solve the problem of cleaning the collecting transporter from the remaining segments after each interruption of operation of the machine, regardless of whether the error occurred or not. Moreover, the presented method relates only to a situation in which only a device on which the error was detected by the sensors is cleaned.

In the prior art solutions, it is necessary to manually remove segments from the transferring devices and the collecting transporter, which is time-consuming and may cause irregularities during subsequent operation of the machine, if not all segments are removed.

There is a need to provide a method and a device which would allow more effective production of multi-segment rods, by allowing easier and faster cleaning of the collecting transporter, from the remaining segments after each interruption of operation of the machine. It would be desirable to provide a device that does not require additional sensors, nor controlling units, which is cheap to produce, easy to operate and is highly reliable.

SUMMARY

There is disclosed a machine for producing multi-segment rods for use in tobacco industry, the machine comprising: at least one feeding module for placing segments in a train, one after the other, on a collecting transporter for transporting the segments along a predefined transporting path in a direction towards a garniture transporter; a transferring module for transferring the segments from the collecting transporter onto the garniture transporter; the garniture transporter for transporting segments on a wrapper; a garniture device for wrapping the wrapper around the train of the segments to form a continuous rod; a cutting head for cutting the continuous rod into multi-segment rods; and a shifting mechanism for dislocating the collecting transporter with respect to the predefined transporting path to a cleaning position, wherein the segments while being transported on the collecting transporter are not in contact with any of the feeding modules.

When the collecting transporter is in the cleaning position, the segments, while being transported on the collecting transporter, may be not in contact with the transferring module.

The collecting transporter may be arranged along all the feeding modules.

The collecting transporter may be configured to be dislocated by changing its position with respect to the predefined transporting path by a distance in a range from 4 to 200 mm, preferably from 4 to 50 mm.

The collecting transporter may be configured to be dislocated by changing its position with respect to the predefined transporting path in a downward direction.

The collecting transporter may be mounted on at least one articulated arm.

The shifting mechanism may comprise at least two guides arranged angularly with respect to each other and a supporting element cooperating with the guides, wherein the supporting element is linearly movable.

The supporting element may be movable by means of a cylinder.

The machine may comprise a removing device for removing the segments from transferring devices.

The removing device may be configured to blow compressed air.

The machine may further comprise a controller for activating the shifting mechanism after interruption of operation of the machine that results from predefined types of interruption.

There is also disclosed a method for cleaning a machine for producing multi-segment rods for use in tobacco industry, the machine comprising: at least one feeding module for placing segments in a train, one after the other, on a collecting transporter for transporting the segments along a predefined transporting path in a direction towards a garniture transporter; a transferring module for transferring the segments from the collecting transporter onto the garniture transporter; the garniture transporter for transporting segments on a wrapper; a garniture device for wrapping the wrapper around the train of the segments to form a continuous rod; a cutting head for cutting the continuous rod into multi-segment rods; wherein the method comprises the steps of: dislocating the collecting transporter with respect to the predefined transporting path to a cleaning position, wherein the segments while being transported on the collecting transporter are not in contact with any of the feeding modules; and removing the segments from the collecting transporter while the collecting transporter is in the cleaning position.

The method may further comprise activating movement of the collecting transporter after it is dislocated to the cleaning position.

When the collecting transporter is in the cleaning position, the segments, while being transported on the collecting transporter, may be not in contact with the transferring module.

The method may comprise dislocating the collecting transporter by changing its position with respect to the predefined transporting path by a distance in a range from 4 to 200 mm, preferably from 4 to 50 mm.

The method may comprise dislocating the collecting transporter by changing its position with respect to the predefined transporting path in a downward direction.

The method may further comprise removing the segments from transferring devices.

The method may comprise removing the segments from the transferring devices before removing the segments from the collecting transporter.

The method may comprise removing the segments from the transferring devices by means of compressed air.

The method may comprise activating the shifting mechanism after interruption of operation of the machine resulting from predefined types of interruption.

The solution presented herein allows producing filter rods in a more effective way by eliminating the need for manual cleaning of the collecting transporter from the remaining segments or removing blocked segments from the transferring devices, which would be time-consuming and require involvement of an operator. Moreover, implementation of such solution on the machine is cheaper and does not require installation of additional sensors nor controlling units, therefore the presented solution is easier to operate and more reliable with respect to other cleaning systems known in the prior art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

The present disclosure is shown by means of example embodiments in a drawing, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a machine for producing multi-segment rods;

FIG. 2 shows schematically a fragment of the machine during producing the multi-segment rods;

FIG. 3 shows schematically a fragment of a machine for producing multi-segment rods, with a shifting mechanism, during stoppage and during changing of a position of a collecting transporter;

FIG. 4a shows the collecting transporter in a working position, in a side cross-sectional view;

FIG. 4b shows the collecting transporter in a cleaning position, after shifting;

FIG. 5a shows the shifting mechanism in a working position;

FIG. 5b shows the shifting mechanism in a cleaning position;

FIG. 5c shows a second embodiment of the shifting mechanism;

FIG. 5d shows a third embodiment of the shifting mechanism;

FIG. 6 shows schematically a fragment of the machine for producing multi-segment rods during removal of the segments from the collecting transporter;

FIG. 7 shows schematically a fragment of the machine for producing multi-segment rods after removal of the segments from the collecting transporter;

FIG. 8 shows schematically a fragment of the machine for producing multi-segment rods in position ready for restarting;

FIG. 9 shows an arrangement of a train of segments on the collecting transporter in a position before restarting;

FIG. 10 shows a process of removing of the segments from the transferring devices;

FIG. 11 shows the process of removing of the segments from the transferring devices with an inclined transferring disc.

FIG. 1 shows a machine 1 for producing multi-segment rods R for tobacco industry, comprising a part A for preparing a train 20 of segments and a part B for producing multi-segment rods. The train 20 of segments with defined sequence is formed on a collecting transporter 6, wherein segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c are fed on the collecting transporter from feeding modules 2, 3, 4. The formed train 20 of segments is transferred onto a garniture transporter 9 by a transferring module 8. On the garniture transporter, the train 20 of segments is wrapped into a wrapper 10 and next the formed multi-segment rod 12 is cut into single multi-segment rods R.

The amount of feeding modules present on the machine for producing multi-segment rods depends on a construction of the multi-segment rod, and specifically it depends on the amount and types of segments, from which it is formed. The presented solution may be applied on the machine for producing multi-segment filter rods as well as for producing multi-segment rods used in new generation cigarettes, for example “heat not burn”. The segments utilized for producing of such rods may have filtering properties, for example the segment made of acetate fibers or comprising activated charcoal, taste properties, for example the segment comprising aromatic capsule, cooling properties, or properties for directing cigarette smoke, for example paper tubes. There are also utilized tobacco heating segments, which may comprise heating elements such as a sheet metal insert or spiral located inside tobacco segments, or which may be made of a flammable material such as extruded tobacco mixed with charcoal in a form of a rod. The collecting transporter 6 is located on a collecting bar 7, which may be installed as a single element or may be divided into several shorter interconnected bars. The collecting bar 7 is arranged along all of the feeding modules 2, 3, 4 up to the transferring module 8, transferring the segments onto the garniture transporter. The collecting transporter 6 may have a form of a band, a belt, or an elastic chain on which the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c are placed sequentially, longitudinally, one after the other from each feeding module 2, 3, 4 in a specified configuration.

The segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c arranged on the collecting transporter 6 are transported towards the transferring module 8, on which a change of distance between the segments or a group of the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c may be performed, and next the segments are transferred onto the garniture transporter 9 on which the segments are wrapped into the wrapper 10 by the garniture device 11. The formed continuous multi-segment rod 12 is cut by a cutting head 13 into multi-segment rods R having specified length.

During producing of the multi-segment rods R it may be needed to stop the machine 1 which is equivalent to stopping of the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c during transporting on the collecting transporter 6 and transferring devices 16 a, 16 b, 16 c, as depicted in FIG. 2. The segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c remaining after interruption of operation of the machine 1 have to be removed before restarting the machine 1. If the remaining segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c are not removed from the collecting transporter 6, there is a risk of collision of the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c with the transferring module 8, and specifically with teeth 17 a-17 f of a first transferring wheel 17 and teeth of transferring discs 18 a, 18 b, 18 c. Depending on the cause of interruption of operation of the machine 1, several sequences of removal of the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c from the transferring devices 16 a, 16 b, 16 c and the collecting transporter 6, are possible.

FIG. 3 shows an automatic process of cleaning, which in the present case consists of changing the position of the collecting bar 7, on which is located the collecting transporter 6 with the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c, with respect to a transporting path P, depicted as a dashed line, to a cleaning position in which it is possible to start the collecting transporter 6 and to remove the remaining segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c without collision.

The change of position of the collecting transporter 6 with respect to the transporting path P is performed by means of at least one shifting mechanism 19, for example a cylinder 19 a or an electric motor, as depicted in FIG. 3 in a partial cross-sectional view of the machine 1. Alternatively, the transferring devices 16 a, 16 b, 16 c and the transferring module 8 may be lifted to a height on which the collision with the transferring segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c, and specifically in this case with the transferring discs 18 a, 18 b, 18 c and the transferring wheel 17 of the transferring module 8, will not occur.

FIGS. 4a-4b show in a cross-section view, a preferable change of position, by lowering the collecting transporter 6 with respect to the transporting path P by a distance Y, where Y=Y1−Y2 and preferably is equal from 4-50 mm. The range of distance Y may be significantly wider, however it has to fulfill the condition of eliminating the collision of the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c, located on a belt 14 of the collecting transporter 6, with the transferring discs 18 a, 18 b, 18 c and the transferring wheel 17 of the transferring module 8. The minimal value of the range of dislocation should not be less than half of a diameter of the transported segment 5 a, 5 b, 5 c. Other embodiments of this solution are also possible, for example moving the bar aside or askew with respect to the transporting path P, which are not shown on the figure.

FIGS. 5a and 5b show an embodiment of the shifting mechanism 19. An upper part 24, which is the collecting bar 7, on which the collecting transporter 6 is located, is a movable part which moves in an up-down direction. The movement may result from direction displacement components of the upper part 24. The rising and lowering of the upper part 24 is forced by a linear motion of the cylinder 19 a. The upper part 24, of the shifting mechanism 19 is equipped with at least two guides 26 a which cooperate with guides 26 b located on a supporting element 27. The supporting element 27 is adapted to perform a linear motion in a direction depicted by an arrow. The linear motion may be forced by the cylinder 19a or by the electric motor. FIG. 5a shows the shifting mechanism 19 in a working position W. A distance between the collecting transporter 6 and a lower part 25 of the shifting mechanism 19 in this position is equal to L1 . Actuating the cylinder 19 a will cause linear dislocation of the supporting element 27 to the right, together with two guides 26 b. Due to a mutually angular arrangement, the guides 26 a of the upper part 24 of the shifting mechanism, move on the guides 26 b, causing the lowering of the collecting transporter to the cleaning position R as shown in FIG. 5b . A distance of the collecting transporter 6 from the lower part 25 of the shifting mechanism 19 in the cleaning position R is equal to L2. Whereas L1>L2 and L1−L2 is equal to Y defining the lowering of the collecting transporter 6 with respect to the transporting path P.

FIG. 5c shows another embodiment of the shifting mechanism 19. The shifting mechanism 19 is equipped with two articulated arms 28 connecting the movable upper part 24 with the immovable lower part 25. The articulated arms 28 are connected with the supporting element 27. The cylinder 19 a, connected to one of the articulated arms 28, making the linear motion causes a change of position of the articulated arms 28, and thereby causes lifting of the upper part 24, which is the collecting bar 7 and the collecting transporter 6 to the working position W depicted in a drawing by a dashed line, or causes lowering to the cleaning position R.

Other embodiments of the shifting mechanism 19 are also possible, for example with one articulated-sliding arm 28 a located at a first end of the collecting transporter 6 and with hinged mounting 29 of at a second end of the collecting transporter 6, as presented in FIG. 5d . In such embodiment, the collecting transporter 6 is raised or lowered angularly at the side of a first end of the collecting transporter 6, whereas its second end will only change its angular position, remaining on the same level.

In another embodiment, the shifting mechanism 19 may have a vertical guide, on which the collecting transporter 6 moves in the up-down direction.

FIG. 6 shows a process of removal of the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c located only on the collecting transporter 6, in case when the machine 1 is stopped by an operator. The segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c remaining on the collecting transporter 6 are removed automatically. Automatically means that they are removed without intervention of the operator, by the machine itself, by temporary starting a drive of the collecting transporter 6 and transferring of the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c remaining on the transporter, outside the machine or to a bin located at the end of the transporter. It is conducted owing to a program stored in a machine controller, which comprises all steps of the cleaning process depending on the type of interruption of operation of the machine 1. The transferring devices 16 a, 16 b, 16 c, together with the segments located on them, remain stopped during the process of removal of the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c from the collecting transporter 6.

After removal of the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c from the collecting transporter 6 (FIG. 7), the transferring devices 16 a, 16 b, 16 c and the transferring module 8 are set into working position, being such, that the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c located on them will be in a specified location on the transferring discs 18 a, 18 b, 18 c and will be ready to be fed onto the collecting transporter 6 in a specified time, to form a train of segments having specified configuration, transported one after the other towards the transferring module 8. The collecting bar 7 returns to its working position, the position in which a contact surface S of the collecting transporter 6 on which the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c are placed, will be on the same level as the transporting path P.

The positioning of the transferring module 8 consists in setting the tooth 17 a of the transferring wheel 17 to a working position, which is the position allowing contact of the tooth 17 a with the first segment transferred in the train on the transporter. In this case, it is the positioning of one of the teeth of the transferring wheel 17, specifically the tooth 17 a in a lowermost position.

FIG. 8 shows a restarting of the machine 1, in which a transferring disc 18 a, which was in the working position feeds the segments 5 a in a specified spaced manner onto the collecting transporter 6. The segments 5 a placed on the collecting transporter 6 are transported in a direction of the transferring disc 18 b which is feeding the segments 5 b. The segments 5 a, 5 b are subsequently transported on the collecting transporter 6 towards the transferring disc 18 c which feeds subsequent segments 5 c in a predetermined spaced manner such, that the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c with the transferring disc 18 c form the train 20 of segments or the train of group of segments with required arrangement with respect to each other.

The arranged train 20 of segments is transported on the collecting transporter 6 until the first segment 20 a, located at the front of the train 20 of segments, contacts the tooth 17 a of the transferring wheel 17 of the transferring module 8, as depicted in an enlarged view in FIG. 9. At the moment of contact of the first segment 20 a with the tooth 17 a of the transferring wheel 17, the transferring module 8 which transfers the train 20 of segments from the collecting transporter 6 onto the garniture transporter 9 is started. Because, in order to set the tooth 17 a in the lowest position, the transferring wheel 17 had to perform a part of the revolution, which could cause that between the tooth 17 a and a preceding tooth 17 b a gap G is formed in the train 20 of segments, which in a later stage will be rejected after cutting the continuous rod on the cutting head 13.

In case when the machine 1 is stopped due to stoppage of one of the feeding modules 2, 3, 4, which may be caused for example by an error due to a blockage of the segments in the transferring device 16 a, 16 b, 16 c or stoppage of the module by the operator, the cleaning process will be performed in a different configuration.

First, the segments remaining on the transferring devices 16 a, 16 b, 16 c of the module which was stopped, will be removed and next the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c remaining on the collecting transporter 6 will be removed as depicted in FIG. 10.

The process of removing the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c from the transferring devices 16 a, 16 b, 16 c is performed by rising or deflecting (turning aside) a drum 21, with a transferring spiral, from the segments transporting path P under the drum 21, removing the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c located on the transporting path P by means of a removing device 22. The removing device 22 may remove the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c utilizing a jet of compressed air, as depicted in FIG. 10, or may remove the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c mechanically, for example by means of sweeping brushes. Next the segments located on a cam 23 are removed. The removal of the segments from the cam 23, is performed by deflecting the transferring disc 18 a, 18 b, 18 c and rotating the cam 23 until all the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c located on the cam 23 are removed. In case when the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c are blocked on the cam, it is also possible to attempt removing the blocked segment by setting the cam 23 into cycle of short forward and backwards rotational motions. If the blocked segment is still not removed, then the cam 23 may be moved aside from the transferring disc 18 a, 18 b, 18 c and the full revolution may be made after which the blocked segment is removed. Additionally, during the removal process of the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c from the cam 23, a further pneumatic or mechanical removing device may be used (not shown in the figure). FIG. 11 shows the process of removing of the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c located on the transferring disc 18 a, 18 b, 18 c by inclining the disc with respect of the collecting transporter 6 and performing the rotation until a moment, when all segments located on its circumference between the teeth are removed. The process is performed at the same time, or just after the segments are removed from the cam 23 and the drum 21. When all the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c are removed from the transferring devices 16 a, 16 b, 16 c, then the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c are removed from the collecting transporter 6 on which are located the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c stopped during transportation and the segments, which could fall on the collecting transporter 6 during the cleaning process of the transferring devices 16 a, 16 b, 16 c, located above. The process is performed in the same way as the process described in FIGS. 3-7. The collecting transporter 6 is lowered, the drive of the collecting transporter 6 is started until all the remaining segments are removed from it, after which the drive of the collecting transporter 6 is stopped and the collecting bar 7 together with the collecting transporter is lifted to the working position. The removal of the segments from the collecting transporter 6 may be enhanced, for example by pneumatic devices for removing remaining segments.

After such performed cleaning process, the machine 1 is ready for restarting, wherein sequentially from each feeding module 2, 3, 4 the segments 5 a, 5 b, 5 c are transferred by means of the transferring devices 16 a, 16 b, 16 c onto the collecting transporter 6, on which the segments set in a specified configuration are transported in a direction of the transferring module 8 until the first segment 20 a of the train 20 of segments contacts the tooth 17 a of the transferring wheel 17 and next are transferred further by the transferring module 8 onto the garniture transporter 9. 

1-20. (cancel)
 21. A machine for producing multi-segment rods for use in tobacco industry, the machine comprising: at least one feeding module for sequentially placing segments in a train on a collecting transporter along a predefined transporting path; a transferring module for transferring the segments from the collecting transporter onto a garniture transporter; a garniture device for wrapping a wrapper around the train of the segments to form a continuous rod; a cutting head for cutting the continuous rod into multi-segment rods; and a shifting mechanism for dislocating the collecting transporter with respect to the predefined transporting path to a cleaning position having an increased distance between the collecting transporter and the feeding modules.
 22. The machine according to claim 21, wherein the collecting transporter in cleaning position is distanced from the transferring module separating the in-transit segments on the collecting transporter from the transferring module.
 23. The machine of claim 21, wherein the collecting transporter is arranged along all the feeding modules.
 24. The machine of claim 21, wherein the collecting transporter is configured to be dislocated by changing its position with respect to the predefined transporting path by a distance in a range from 4 to 200 mm.
 25. The machine of claim 21, wherein the collecting transporter is configured to be dislocated by changing its position with respect to the predefined transporting path in a downward direction.
 26. The machine of claim 21, wherein the collecting transporter is mounted on at least one articulated arm.
 27. The machine of claim 21, wherein the shifting mechanism comprises at least two guides arranged angularly with respect to each other and a supporting element cooperating with the guides, wherein the supporting element is linearly movable.
 28. The machine of claim 21, wherein the supporting element is movable by means of a cylinder.
 29. The machine of claim 21, further comprising a removing device for removing the segments from transferring devices.
 30. The machine of claim 21, wherein the removing device is configured to blow compressed air.
 31. The machine of claim 21, further comprising a controller for activating the shifting mechanism after a predetermined operation-interrupting event.
 32. A method for cleaning a machine for producing multi-segment rods for use in tobacco industry, the machine comprising: sequentially placing a plurality of segments in a train on a collecting transporter by at least one feeding module; transporting the segments on the collecting transporter along a predefined transporting path in a direction towards a garniture transporter; transferring the segments from the collecting transporter onto the garniture transporter by a transferring module; transporting the segments on a wrapper by the garniture transporter; wrapping the wrapper around the train of the segments by the garniture device to form a continuous rod; cutting the continuous rod into multi-segment rods with a cutting head; dislocating the collecting transporter with respect to the predefined transporting path to a cleaning position distancing the segments in transport on the collecting transporter from the feeding modules; and removing the segments from the collecting transporter.
 33. The method of claim 32, further comprising activating movement of the collecting transporter (6).
 34. The method of claim 32, wherein segments in transit, are distanced from the transferring module.
 35. The method of claim 32, wherein collecting transporter is dislocated with respect to the predefined transporting path by a distance in a range from 4 to 200 mm.
 36. The method of claim 32, wherein the dislocation of the collecting transporter with respect to the predefined transporting path is in a downward direction.
 37. The method of claim 32, further comprising removing the segments from transferring devices.
 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the removal of the segments from the transferring devices occurs before removal of the segments from the collecting transporter.
 39. The method of claim 37, comprising removing the segments from the transferring devices by means of compressed air.
 40. The method of claim 32, further comprising activating the shifting mechanism after interruption of operation of the machine by a predefined event. 